Processing the Crime Scene and Establishing Identity Essay - 1

Processing the Crime Scene and Establishing Identity - Essay Example The initial pictures suggest that destructive material was used in the preparation of the bomb, as the dead bodies are showing very strong signs of injuries of ball-bearing piercings. There was considerable panic as depicted in the media at the crime scene because of the horrific outcomes of the blast. There has been no such incident in London within this area for years and people were not expecting this to take place at such an augmented magnitude. There are different speculations about the different aspects of the bomb blast and most of the people and experts are hinting towards the possibility of a terrorist attack. In order to lessen the speculations and start team oriented investigation of the crime scene, the following team is prepared keeping in view the requirements of the crime scene 1. Leader of the team 2. Photography specialist and Log Recorder 3. Sketch Artist 4. Evidence Recovery and Recording Specialists 5. Investigation Specialists (Allison, 2008) The first and foremo st responsibility of the team leader is to visit the crime scene with the team and brief the team members about the current situation and contextual background of the crime scene (Gardner, 2005).  . The area was secured as a first priority by a low level police agency in order to secure the evidences and fingerprints. After the initial help to the wounded, the dead bodies are placed on the ground and they are not touched as said by the team leader. The photographer has the responsibility to take the pictures of the crime scene from every angle in order to file a strong case for the FIR case. The role of photographer is of importance in this case because of the fact that crime scene is spread in a very huge area and the pictures must be taken of all the places where the bomb shrapnel and other pieces of human bodies have spread. This is important in order to have a sound knowledge about the strength of the bomb that was used. The photographs quality is also highly dependent upon th e angles that are deployed during the usage of the pictures at the crime scene because there is a great need to inculcate the fact that pictures will be used in the future also for investigation at a higher level (National Institute of Justice, 2013). The third role is that of the sketch preparer who has a very crucial role in this case. All the people who are the survivors of this bomb blast were interviewed and they were asked about the possible outlook of the bomber/culprit. Most of the people said that there was a teen ager who came at the bus stop he shouted something loudly which is not interpreted yet by people and then there was a blast. Most of the injured people have given the signs and outlooks of that boy and the sketch maker has given a sketch in which a clean shaven, teen-age white guy is depicted. This will be used country wide for the tracing of the original motivators of this crime. Evidence recorder is another very important role in a team investigation in this cas e which has the responsibility to collect all the evidences, finger prints, interview wounded people, survey the nearby buildings, shops, churches, schools and markets in order to get a strong grasp on all the important factors that were responsible for the crime. The other role is of the specialists who are the main responsible team member in order to get to the depth of this case. Forensic specialists were called on the crime scene who will apply the arts of back tracking and check the American national database for searching any possible

General Economic Indices for the Power Tool Market Essay Example for Free

General Economic Indices for the Power Tool Market Essay In assessing the power tool industries, it can be found that there are several general economic indices which have are important in assessing the viability of the industry. There are four of these which could be assessed for the purpose of the Able Corporation as they pursue their goals with their products. These four general economic indices include housing starts, expenditures for residential construction, expenditures for commercial construction, and expenditures for home repairs and improvement. First, the housing start statistics which have become relevant to the industry â€Å"represent the beginning of the construction of new privately owned single-family homes, townhouses, and multifamily apartment buildings† (Frumkin, 2005, p. 132). Moreover, it excludes infrastructures for housing which fall under mobile homes, group quarters, public housing properties, renovations made to existing houses, and converted housing from non-residential to residential housing (Frumkin, 2005). From the historical data presented from the US Census Bureau, there is an erratic trend that can be seen from the year 2004 to 2008. However, it is apparent that there is a continuous decrease from the year 2005 up to the 2008 leaving the year 2004 as the only exception. The respective values for each year are 1,955,800 for the year 2004; 2,068,300 for the year 2005; 1,800,900 for the year 2006; 1,355,000 for the year 2007; and 905,500 for the year 2008 (â€Å"New Privately Owned,† n. d. ). From the trend shown, it is made apparent that the housing units which have been started are becoming lower every year from the US data. Second, there are also relevant data which are made available for the expenditures which are placed for residential repairs and improvement. This type of data shows the amount of money that has been used for the purpose of improving the residential places for purposes of repairs and improvement. For the year 2003, the data shows that $179,700,000,000 has been spent on the first quarter, $173,200,000,000 has been spent on the second quarter, $187,400,000 has been spent on the third quarter, and $166,700,000,000 has been spent on the fourth quarter (US Census Bureau News, 2008). On the other hand, there are costs of $198,900,000,000 for the first quarter, $192,600,000,000 for the second quarter, $202,100,000,000 for the third quarter, and $200,500,000,000 for the fourth quarter (US Census Bureau News, 2008). For the year 2005, the respective value for the first to fourth quarters are $213,600,000,000 $192,800,000,000, $220,900,000,000 and $235,500,000,000 (US Census Bureau News, 2008). For the year 2006, the values for the respective four quarters are $232,200,000,000, $225,000,000,000, $231,000,000,000, and $226,000,000,000 (US Census Bureau News, 2008). As for the year 2007, the value for the first to the fourth quarter is $230,900,000,000, $227,700,000,000, $213,200,000,000, and $236,600,000,000 (US Census Bureau News, 2008). From these values, it is shown that the expenditures for each quarter and across the years are increasing such that there has been more cost spent for this on the latest years of the historical data. Third, the report of the US Census Bureau also shows that there are also expenditures for residential construction which can be studied from the year 2003 to 2007. For the year 2003, the total expenditure is $705,276,000,000. The succeeding values are: $803,305,000,000 for 2004, $897,989,000,000 for 2005, $937,047,000,000 for the year 2006, and $875,010,000,000 for the year 2007 (â€Å"Construction and housing,† 2009). While the trend shows that here is a constant increase from the year 2003 to the year 2006, there is a sudden plunge for 2007 which can be accounted to several economic factors that prohibit the construction of new residential infrastructures. Fourth, there is also an economic index available for expenditures on nonresidential units, which is also taken from the US Census Bureau. From the year 2003 to 2007, the respective values are $229,335,000,000, $238,478,000,000, $256,644,000,000, $295,715,000,000, and $349,566,000,000 (â€Å"Construction and housing,† 2009). From these data, it can be observed that there is a continuous increase in the amount spent for the purpose of construction nonresidential units. In relation to the power tool market, these economic general indices are considered to be important because of the role it plays in terms of the demand for power tools which are required for construction. The housing start data would dictate how many new power tools may be required together with the amount of expenditures that are seen to be used for improvements and construction of new infrastructures. The fact that power tools are considered to be a necessity for the construction and repair of housing and nonresidential units relates this industry to the construction of housing and nonresidential ones. During cases where there are disparities, it is important to note that these general economic indices will be of great help only when accuracy is present. However, when there are cases where it is difficult to see which of the current findings are accurate, there should be information from other related economic factors that come from the government which could be a reliable source of data. Thus, it can be seen that there are several factors which affect the power tool market considering the economic relations it has with the construction industry. There are several ways through which the economic forecasts for the power tool industry can be obtained in relation to the construction data. References Frumkin, N. (2005). Guide to economic indicators (4th Ed. ). Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe. Newly Privately Owned Housing Units Started. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 23, 2009, from http://www. census. gov/const/startsan. pdf. Section 20: Construction and housing. (2009). Retrieved April 23, 2009, from http://www. census. gov/prod/2008pubs/09statab/construct. pdf. US Census Bureau News. (2008). Expenditures for improvements and repairs of residential properties estimated at $226. 4 Billion in 2007. Retrieved April 23, 2009, from http://www. census. gov/const/c50_curr. pdf.

SPRING, A Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay

SPRING, A Poem By Edna St. Vincent Millay SPRINGBy: Edna St. Vincent Millay (1892-1950) To what purpose, April, do you return again?Beauty is not enough.You can no longer quiet me with the rednessOf little leaves opening stickily. I know what I know.The sun is hot on my neck as I observeThe spikes of the crocus.The smell of the earth is good. It is apparent that there is no death.But what does that signify?Not only under ground are the brains of menEaten by maggots. Life in itselfIs nothing,An empty cup, a flight of uncarpeted stairs.It is not enough that yearly, down this hill, AprilComes like an idiot, babbling and strewing flowers. Spring â€Å"Spring† is a powerful free verse poem written by Edna St. Vincent Millay, in 1921 . At first glance, this poem does not seem extremely meaningful. However, the time during which it was written, explains the poems true importance because it is after World War. It contains figurative language, specifically describing post war trauma. The tone and mood enforce the element of war to a greater extent. The atmosphere created by the author is vague, but looking deeply into the metaphorical language, allows you to truly understand the casualties. In the poem â€Å"Spring† written by Edna St. Vincent Millay, war is cruel and indescribable. In quatrain three, line three, Millay writes, â€Å"Not only under ground are the brains of men.† This depicts the battlefield. The author explains that as spring arrives, the reality of the war is forgotten. Citizens continue with their lives, forgetting about the casualties. The nice weather comes, but it should have never cover ed up the war. The author is also upset. She is angry regarding the month of April. Millay is trying to ask what the point of Spring is, after the death of so many. The bright flowers, the warm sun and the nice breeze are useless when there is no one to admire them.On another note, the written part of the poem consists of four quatrains and one couplet. Three lines of each quatrain are end-stopped, while the remaining one is enjambed. In the couplet, one line is enjamed and the other is end-stopped. In the first two quatrains, the author is unsatisfied. Millay could be indecisive about the month of April. However, the remainder of the poem identifies that she is frustrated with society. The last two lines of the fourth quatrain explain this theory. She is identifying life as pointless and useless. Millay may not believe in war and is angered by it. The couplet enforces this prediction even more. The tone of the last line indicates her frustration, anger and irritation. The rhythm is irregular with no specific rhyme scene. However, this free verse poem has a pattern similar to Shakespearean poems; the first eight lines are talking about a subject, which builds up to contradict against the rest of the poem. In this case, for the first eight lines, the poet discusses the climate and nature during April, and then contrasts it to war for the rest of the poem. There are some lines in this poem, which are metaphors and have symbolism. For example, the last two lines of the fourth quatrain. The â€Å"empty cup, † symbolizes the future. It explains our future to be nothing. This is also a metaphor because it compares life to an empty cup. Fighting will lead to nothing. This is the hidden message in this line. The atmosphere of the poem always relates back to war. There is a lot of imagery in the poem. For example, line four of the first quatrain. The reader can imagine the tiny leaves opening slowly, as the day goes by. This makes it a form of imagery. In the th ird line of the third quatrain, the author is referring to a place known as ‘No Mans Land. This is the land between two trenches that all soldiers feared, because of death, due to exploding shells. Cacophonic The entire poem is cacophonic. â€Å"The sun is hot /the spikes of the crocus /eaten by maggots ,† are all unpleasant phrases. These expressions helped create the tone, which is war and casualties. This poem is unique in another sense as well. The author is speaking to the season, which is quite preposterous. The last line of this poem is another unique phrase. The author personifies April. He remarks on April as knowing nothing. It just comes and brings some useless flowers, thinking that all will become well; these shall not be accepted because of the war. The poem was an understatement because truly looking at just the text, line eleven was the only sentence, which talked about the victims. Millay has chosen her words extremely carefully when writing this poem. She vaguely describes the true meaning and theme of this literature. What I mean by this is that, without a biography, it would be difficult to infer the true theme of this poem. War is embedded in the specific langu age and the result is a truly unique poem. The precise symbolism has true meaning when deeply investigated. An illusion has been created by the title of â€Å"Spring† giving this poem an even greater twist. â€Å"Spring† by Edna St. Vincent Millay is about war and the results; an inhospitable environment with casualties and no future.

Christian Justice and Righteousness Essay -- Martin Luther, theology, s

As a reformer, Martin Luther certainly changed the world of the Church. Would you say that his opposition to the existing religious authority of his day could be justified from a scriptural standpoint? How might it not? Which biblical principles affect your own responsibility to promote justice and righteousness when such actions come into conflict with an established order? Â   The actions of Martin Luther in the 1500s have reached almost mythical stature among Christians. Luther's deeds had much more radical consequences than he could have foreseen as he first challenged the existing church. He sparked a revolution of thought, a break from the Roman Catholic Church system and a return to a faith based upon Scripture alone. Though Martin Luther's choices were for an essential cause and brought fantastic results, a question must be answered before Christians can truly call him a hero of the faith. The question is this: Was Luther's challenge of his earthly authorities justifiable by the scripture? Â   The answer is not instantly obvious, nor do the Scriptur...

Assignment on Food & Beverage Operations Essay

Introduction As this is one of the most important sources to earn revenue so food and beverage operations have got great significance in hotel management and operations. Organisations in hospitality industry like hotel and resorts are paying maximum attention on food and beverage production and operations. Through this assignment several aspects associated with food and beverage department would be discussed from the view point of a food and beverage manager of a five star hotel in Manchester. After renovation food and beverage manager has been asked to review food and beverage functions of this department and along with this process food and beverage production and service system would be analysed. Proper budget and implementation of that budget would a huge challenge for the food and beverage manager of this hotel and costing and pricing would also be a challenging job after renovation. Purchasing decision would be discussed through this assignment and how those decisions could be taken for betterment of this hotel so that it can run with profitability. For this five star hotel food and beverage manager will have to manage banqueting functions and suitable menu would be essential how this menu could more effective and attractive would also be discussed through this assignment. Later on this report several issues associated with hospitality industry would be discussed such as security, health and safety and product quality and service standard. Task 1: Food and Beverage production and service systems In contemporary hospitality management there are several aspects are associated with food production and food and beverage service system. Now in this section these aspects are being discussed in follows: 1.1 Characteristics of food production and Food & Beverage service system: Demand for Food: Demand of food is not same all over the world there is seasonality of food demand. Customers might not like to eat same food again and again. Peak times of demand of food occur during breakfast, lunch and dinner time. Between these demand times there are valleys or slow times. Competitive events could also be an influential for demand of food and based on demand food production could be modified accordingly (Defranco et al 2007). Labour intensiveness of food production and service It is difficult to get service oriented hospitality people and this is the  reason why this industry is labour intensive. Employees need training and skills for both food preparation and service. Health and safety and food and hygiene certificate must be essential for the employees of this industry. Though employees need to have proper skills but in many occasions this industry needs unskilled employees and gradually they will be skilled. Perish ability of food Simultaneous production and consumption is one of the most important characteristics of food service and produced food must be kept within certain temperature. To protect food from bacteria food must be kept either below 5 degree Celsius or more than 65 degree temperature. Food must be handled properly before, during and after preparation. Changes of Menus Customers might not like same menu every time and menu should be changed on daily basis and production changes accordingly. In this context variation must be bought in food service and preparation then business would be more profitable. Figure: Food Preparation and service process (Miller, 2009) 1.2 Food and beverage service system Modern food and beverage service system could be categorised into several methods and both customers and service people are involved in the food and beverage system. Now in this section food and beverage service systems are being discussed from the view point of Dittmer, Paul R., and Gerald G. Griffin (2009): Table Service: This service includes plate service or silver service and customers are served at a laid table. Self service: Customers will be required to help themselves from a buffet or counter. Assisted service: According to this system customers are served part of the meal at a table and part is self service. Single point service: In this system customers order, pay receive food and beverage from the same point Specialised service: Through this system customers are served from the point where they are, this is also called tray service or room service or even room delivery. 1.3 Factors affecting recipes and Menu It has been discussed above that there are several food and beverage service systems and to serve customers according to these system this five star hotel must prepare menu and there are some factors must be considered while preparing menu and recipes. Now in this section these are being discussed in follows: Financial resources available: Financial condition of this hotel must be considered in this context and based on resources available menu should be prepared. Types of restaurant: This hotel has got four restaurants and according to the nature of the restaurant menus could be prepared. Guest spending power: Spending power of customers is one of the most influential factors to set menu and recipes. Food production cost: If production cost is high then profit then it would be useless to produce that food. Competitive environment: It must be given preferences to what competitors are doing and this hotel must keep competitors in account to prepare menu. Location of the restaurant: Location of the restaurant is another important aspect to prepare menu. Chefs’ skills: It must be given preference whether chefs are skilled to prepare specific menu and in this context skilled chefs should be recruited. Guest diet requirements: Some guest might ask for Halal or gluten free or dairy free meal and in this context customers’ diet requirement must be considered. 1.4 Compare the cost and staffing implication in Food and Beverage department Cost minimisation and employing right number of workforce are the crucial decision of food and beverage department for this hotel. Several types of cost are associated with food and beverage department, now in this section these aspects are being discussed according to the principles of Coltman et al (2000): Actual Cost: The actual cost is what a cost or expenses actually was, for instance the payroll records and check made out to employees will indicate the actual labour cost for payroll period. Budgeted Cost: When a cost is expected to be for a certain period of time is called budgeted cost. Controllable Cost: A cost which could be changed in the short period of time is called controllable cost. Non controllable Cost: Which cost cannot be changed in short period of time is called non controllable cost. Fixed Cost: Fixed cost is not changed according to product unit and these costs remain unchanged. Variable Cost: Variable cost could be changed according to the production unit and it increase if production is increased. Food and beverage department is sometimes depends on seasonality so staffing should  be strategic. To ensure proper operations this hotel should recruit full time, part time and casual employees. Right employees should be placed in right position. 1.5 Suitability of Systems of different food outlets There are four different food outlets are available in this hotel, what systems could be applied with each outlet being demonstrated in follows: Main Restaurant: Buffet service could be the best option to serve food from this restaurant as there would be more customers to eat food from this restaurant. Coffee Shop: Single point service would be used to serve food from this shop as there will be less staffs will be working to serve customers. Chinese Restaurant: There would be plenty alternatives for customers so again buffet service would be good for the customers as serf service would be helpful to reduce cost for this hotel. Fine Dining Restaurant: Tray service would be essential for this restaurant as customer will be given personal service. Task 2: Financial Control in Food and Beverage Operation Financial control and management would be very important aspect for this hotel as cost minimization would be given preference. Now in this section several aspects associated with financial control would be discussed: 2.1 Uses of financial statements in food and beverage department: Financial statements for this hotel could be used to understand key facts about the performance and disposition of this hotel and several decisions could be influenced by financial statements. This hotel just finished its renovation and long term decisions should be taken to improve profitability of this hotel. Now in this section needs and uses of financial statements are being discussed in follows: Financial statements could be very useful as a precise measurement of operation profit, hotel profitability and financial position could be revealed through the financial statement. After renovation how long will be taken to bring this hotel to profitability could be understood from financial statement. Current events of the hotel and production process could be monitored through the financial statement. Financial statements could also be helpful to take better decisions for the future. In decision making process financial statements could be very effective as decisions would be taken based on the financial position of the  Hotel. 2.2 Cost and Pricing process of the hotel Cost is defined as the expense to a hotel or restaurant for goods or services when the goods are consumed or the services are rendered. Food and beverage for this hotel are considered consumed then they have been used and costing would be very important to ensure profitability and hotel must ensure cost effectiveness while making decisions for the hotel especially for the food and beverage department. In costing process this formula could be used: Opening Inventory Value + Cost of Purchases – Closing Inventory Value = Usage Amount Usage Amount / Sales Revenue = Cost of Goods Sold (%)  Pricing decisions: based on situations different pricing decisions could be sued to ensure customer attraction and profitability for this hotel. There are some strategies are being discussed those could be used for this hotel: Cost Based Pricing: This method of pricing is often referred to as â€Å"’cost-plus† pricing. In its simplest form, cost-plus pricing involves hotel calculating average cost per unit and then allocating a specified mark-up, which may be related to rate of profit required by the company, to arrive at the selling price. Value Based Pricing: How much customers are willing to pay for the food this hotel is the main theme of this value based pricing. According to this strategy hotel cannot impose any price rather they can assess customers perception about the food standard and quality of this hotel. Customers feedback could be important in this aspect to set price. Competition based pricing: Competitors pricing strategy would be considered to set price according to this strategy. Service standard and product quality could also be considered in this aspect. 2.3 Steps of Purchasing Process: There are several steps are involved with purchasing process for this hotel, now in this section these steps are being discussed in follows: Figure: Purchasing Process (Chabon, 2007) Need recognition: This process begins with recognizing the need for specific product for this hotel. A problem or need can be solved by acquiring a specific product. General need description: This is description of the  general characteristics and quantity of the needed item. Emphasis here is on reliability, durability, price and other attributes desired in the item. Product specification: The item’s product specifications are analyzed and the purchasing team decides on the best product characteristics and specify them accordingly for the hotel. Supplier search: Who could be the best supplier for the food and beverage products this is carried out to find the best suppliers? Some suppliers may not be considered because they are not large enough to supply the needed quantity or because they have poor reputation. Proposal solicitation: This hotel will invite qualified suppliers to submit proposals. When the item is complex or expensive, the buyer will need detailed written proposals from each potential supplier. Supplier selection: Food and beverage department will review the proposals and select a supplier. They will consider competence of various suppliers, their ability to deliver the item on time and also deliver the necessary services. The following attributes have a strong influence on the relationship between the supplier and customer. Order routine specification: This involves preparing the final order with the chosen supplier, listing the technical specifications, quantity needed, expected time of delivery, e.t.c. Performance review: Here the hotel will review the performance of the supplier. The hotel may retain, modify, or drop the supplier in future hence the supplier should ensure that he is giving the expected satisfaction. Task 3: Menu for Hospitality Events In hospitality industry for a caterer compiling a menu is one of the most important jobs and several factors must be considered before any menu is prepared. In menu preparation what customers want should be given preference not what the caterer has got to serve. This is the situation where for a wedding reception a menu should be prepared and justification of choosing that menu. Assume this is the Pakistani wedding and guest would be Asian community. Menu must be prepared according to the choice of this community. Let’s look at the Menu first: Starters: Sheesh Kabab Chicken Roast Vegetable Samosa Main Dish Chicken Palok Beef Bhuna Nan/ Roti Brown Rice with meat Desert Gajrela Golap Jam with Ice cream Tea/ Coffee Aspects of Preparing this Menu Wedding Date: 15 September, 2014 Type of Customer: Pakistani, Indian and Asian Budget:  £13.95 Per person Diet Requirement: Halal Justification of Selection and Suitability of recipes for menu: There are several aspects are creating impact of choosing this menu, now in this section justification of using that menu is being discussed with suitability of recipes for menu: Customers Profile: Majority of the customers are Pakistani origin and while preparing menu Pakistani cuisine has been chosen. This menu has been widely preferred by Pakistani community. Customers Preference: While choosing this menu discussion with wedding reception has been conducted and according to their choice menu has been selected. Menu Choice: In this menu there would be three starters, two main dishes with rice and nun or roty and two dessert. With starter guests will get complimentary Salad and Chutney. Selection of menu with event schedule: Customers will be served during lunch time and before serving meal there would be an drinks reception and in total customers will be at the venue for 2 hours. Anticipate special needs: Customers has been asked whether there would be any special requirements such as food allergies, religious requirement and diet requirement. All meats will be halal according to the choice of customers. Comfortable room setup: Choose the appropriate room layout that supports event objectives. If as serving a meal, the tables will be filled with used dishes and glassware, in addition to binders, notepads and pens. That’s why it’s important to choose the best room setup, and allow space for people to move. Task 4: Provide Food and Beverage services for  hospitality events: Several aspects are associated with hospitality events now in this part of this report those aspects are being discussed in follows: 4.1 Food and Beverage service plan for a wedding reception: Number of Guest: 350 Budget:  £5000.00 This wedding reception for this number of people within this budget could be implemented through the following procedure: Service Name Estimated cost Remarks Cutlery & Crockery  £1.50*350 =  £525 According to Brand Standard Table Linen  £4.00*35 = 140 According to Brand Standard Chair Cover  £1.50*350 =  £525 According to Brand Standard Cloth Napkins  £175 According to Brand Standard Stage Decoration  £450 According to Brand Standard Red carpet Walkway  £270 According to Brand Standard Table Display  £210 According to Brand Standard Waiter/ Waitress  £580 According to Brand Standard Washing area  £135 According to Brand Standard Food Cost  £1500 According to Brand Standard Food Preparation Cost  £300 According to Brand Standard Total  £4810 According to Brand Standard 4.2 Steps involved with service Plan: There are several steps are associated with recommended service plan, now in this section these plans are being discussed in follows: Step 1: Book appointing of the customer Step 2: Book the Event and take deposit Step 3: Finalise stage, walkway and decoration Step 3: Ensure service people, security and entertainment Step 4: Serve People according to the Function sheet ensure quality, health and safety and security of the customers. Step 5: Get feedback from the customers. 4.3 Evaluate service and Recommendations: Communication with customers would be essential to provide excellent service and inter and intra departmental communication would be very essential in this context. Customers’ feedback would be helpful to improve service standard and quality. Cost minimisation would be essential to maximise profit margin and in this context this food and beverage department would be involve to improve service standard. To arrange such kind of events what competitors are doing and how they are service would be very essential to improve service standard. Innovative ideas should be implemented in this context. Specific demand of customers would be essential. Conclusion In food and beverage operations two things must be coherent one is food and another one is service, these two things are inextricably interrelated.  During serving food quality and quantity must be ensured. Food production and preparation must be ensured with standard. Health and safety must be ensured according to HACCAP principles. During menu preparation customers choices must be given preference. Several aspects have been discussed through this report and proper standard must be ensured throughout the process. To increase profitability of the hotel service people should give emphasize on up selling and customers attraction and satisfaction. There should not be any gap between customers’ expectations and delivered service and food. References Defranco, Agnes L., and Pender B. M. Noriega (2007) â€Å"Cost control in hospitality industry† McGraw Hill: Mason Miller, Jack E., and David V. Pavesic (2007). Menu Pricing & Strategy. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Dittmer, Paul R., and Gerald G. Griffin (2009). Principles of Food, Beverage, and LaborCost Controls for Hotels and Restaurants. 6th ed. New York: John Wiley &Sons, Coltman, Michael M., and Martin G. Jagels. (2000) Hospitality Management Accounting. 7th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Chaban, Joel. (2007) Practical Foodservice Spreadsheets With Lotus 1-2-3. New York: John Wiley & Sons,

Health Care Physicians In Kuwait Health And Social Care Essay

Introduction: Domestic force against adult females is an of import public wellness job. The medical practician ‘s personal value system and beliefs about domestic force can play an of import function to cover with job and supply support to battered adult females. Aim: The current survey was formulated to uncover attitude of doctors towards domestic force against adult females and factors impacting this attitude. Methods: To accomplish such purposes, a sample of 565 doctors were interviewed out of 899 doctors selected for this survey with an overall response rate of 62.8 % . The mark population for this survey was all doctors in the primary wellness attention centres in Kuwait. Consequences: The consequences of the current survey revealed that doctors tended to hold a comparatively low positive overall attitude mark towards force against adult females ( 60.75 + 13.16 % ) , with a average per centum mark of 42.36 + 15.37 % for relationship between spouses domain, 75.73 + 21.80 % for good grounds to hit married womans domain, and 58.39 + 17.11 % for direction of domestic force sphere. Female doctors tended to hold a higher positive attitude mark than males ( 62.9 + 13.36 % compared with 58.3 + 12.52 % , P & A ; lt ; 0.001 ) every bit good as for each attitude sphere. Years spent at the current occupation negatively correlated with the entire attitude mark of doctors towards domestic force against adult females. Decision: There is a great demand to better attitude of doctors about domestic force, particularly against adult females through decently planned preparation plans so that a better medical attention and support of beat-up adult females can be achieved. Cardinal words: Domestic – force – Women – Physicians-AttitudeIntroductionGender-based force is widely recognized as an of import public wellness job, both because of the acute morbidity and mortality associated with assault and its longer-term impact on adult females ‘s wellness, including chronic hurting, gynecologic jobs, sexually-transmitted diseases, depression, post-traumatic emphasis upsets, and self-destruction. ( 1-3 ) Abused adult females who have hapless physical and mental wellness suffer more hurts and utilize more medical resources than non-abused adult females. ( 1,2,4 ) Health attention establishments can do important parts to turn toing force against adult females by back uping both doctors and victims. ( 3 ) Health attention workers can play an indispensable function to cover with this wellness job through proper direction of beat-up adult females and supplying full support. However, wellness attention workers might portion the same cultural norms and biass with victims or culprits of interpersonal force, which would impact their professional attitudes. Furthermore, some doctors might believe that interpersonal force is a private household affair and non a wellness issue. In add-on, while the happenings allocated to this field are unequal, some wellness attention workers might experience despairing, taking them to professional reluctance. ( 4-6 ) Thus the following survey was formulated to accomplish the undermentioned aims: Estimate attitude of doctors towards domestic force ( DV ) against adult females and Reveal factors impacting attitude of do ctors about domestic force against adult females.MethodsAn experimental cross-sectional survey design was adopted for this survey. The survey was carried out in the primary wellness attention centres in Kuwait. All doctors available during the field work of the survey in the primary wellness attention centres were the mark population of this survey. A sum of 78 wellness centres are distributed over five wellness territories in Kuwait. The entire figure of doctors was 899 ; out of these, merely 565 agreed to portion in the survey with a response rate of 62.8 % . The survey covered the period January to August 2010. Data were collected over three months get downing from the May to July, 2010. Datas of this survey was collected through a specially designed self-administered questionnaire. This questionnaire consisted of several subdivisions. The first subdivision dealt with socio-demographic features, including age, sex, figure of old ages in pattern, educational making, current occupation, old ages at current work and wage. Three inquiries dealt with prevalence of force ; one in Kuwait, one in other Arab states and the last one dealt with prevalence overall the universe. The attitude graduated table consisted of 18 inquiries covering three sub-domains. The first sub-domain dealt with the relationship between spouses and consisted of 6 inquiries, while the 2nd sub-domain the hitting married womans by their hubbies and formed of 8 inquiries, the last sub-domain dealt with direction of DV and consisted of three inquiries. The causes of DV consisted of 14 inquiries ; of these five covered the single features of culprit, two covered the relationship, three dealt with the commu nity factors, and 4 inquiries reflected the social factors including traditions, civilization and wonts. Another subdivision of the interviewing questionnaire covered the expected result of domestic force. This portion consisted of 34 inquiries classified as follows: physical wellness ( 6 inquiries ) , chronic conditions ( 5 inquiries ) , mental wellness ( 8 inquiries ) , negative wellness behaviour ( 5 inquiries ) , generative wellness ( 7 inquiries ) , and fatal result ( 3 inquiries ) . A pilot survey was carried out on 30 doctors ( non included in the concluding survey ) . This survey was formulated with the following aims: prove the lucidity, pertinence of the survey tools, accommodate the purpose of the work to existent feasibleness, place the troubles that may be faced during the application, every bit good as survey all the processs and activities of the administrative facets. Besides, the clip of finishing the questionnaire was estimated during this pilot survey to be 10 proceedingss. The necessary alterations harmonizing to the consequences obtained were done, so some statements were reworded. Besides, the construction of the questionnaire sheet was reformatted to ease informations aggregation. A pre-coded sheet was used. All inquiries were coded before informations aggregation. This facilitates both informations entry and confirmation every bit good as reduces the chance of mistakes during informations entry. Datas were fed to the computing machine straight from the questionnaire without an intermediate informations transportation sheets. The Excel plan was used for informations entry. A file for informations entry was prepared and structured harmonizing to the variables in the questionnaire. After informations were fed to the Excel plan ; several methods were used to verify informations entry. These methods included the followers: simple frequence, cross-tabulation, every bit good as manual alteration of entered informations. Percentage mark was calculated for the entire attitude mark every bit good as for each sphere of attitude. Before ciphering the amount of mark ; the mark of negative inquiries was reversed. The per centum mark was calculated as follows: amount of mar k X 100 / figure of points. The amount was treated to give a scope of 100 % with a lower limit of nothing and a upper limit of 100.Statistical analysis:Before analysis ; informations were imported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences ( SPSS ) which was used for both informations analysis and tabular presentation. Descriptive ( count, per centum, lower limit, upper limit, arithmetic mean, average and standard divergence ) and analytic steps ( Mann Whitney Z trial and Spearman correlativity coefficient ) were utilized. The degree of significance selected for this survey was P ? 0.05. All the necessary blessings for transporting out the research were obtained. The Ethical Committee of the Kuwaiti Ministry of Health approved the research. A written format explicating the intent of the research was prepared and signed by the doctor before get downing the interview. In add-on, the intent and importance of the research were discussed with the manager of the wellness centre.ConsequenceTable I portrays socio-demographic features of studied doctors. Females constituted 53.1 % of the studied sample while the remainder were males ( 46.9 % ) with an mean age of 39.95 + 9.07 old ages and an norm of 13.04 + 8.42 old ages at the current occupation. Kuwaiti doctors constituted 43.2 % of the entire sample while 51.5 % were other Arab doctors. The bulk were married ( 87.3 % ) while the remainder were presently individual ( 3.0 % divorced or widow and 9.7 % ne'er married before ) . Out of the entire sample, 89.2 % were working as a registrar, while the remainder ( 10.8 % ) were ei ther specializers or advisers. Those keeping a unmarried man grade constituted 31.7 % , while the bulk ( 68.3 % ) were keeping a higher educational certification. The wage for the bulk of doctors ( 82.1 % ) was more than 1000 KD. Table II shows perceptual experience of doctors about prevalence of DV against adult females in Kuwait, other Arab states and worldwide. Doctors tended to gauge lower prevalence of domestic force in Kuwait than other Arab states or worldwide as 43.8 % of them stated that domestic force against adult females is more than 20 % while 69 % and 58.8 % stated the same prevalence in other Arab states and worldwide severally. Table III demonstrates attitude of doctors towards DV against adult females. The highest average per centum mark ( 75.73 + 21.80 % ) was that for attitude sphere two covering with striking of married womans in different fortunes, followed by sphere three covering with proper direction of DV ( 58.39 + 17.11 % ) . Relationship between spouses ( domain one ) came on the underside of the list with a mean of 42.36 + 15.37 % . The overall attitude average per centum mark was 60.75 + 13.16 % with a average per centum mark of 61.1 % . Table IV shows the relationship between attitude towards DV and socio-demographic features of doctors. Female doctors tended to hold a significantly higher average per centum tonss than males for relationship sphere ( 45.1 + 15.53 compared with 39.3 + 14.62 % , P & A ; lt ; 0.001 ) , hitting sphere ( 77.9 + 22.16 compared with 73.3 + 21.15 % , P = 0.001 ) , every bit good as the direction sphere ( 59.6 + 17.07 compared with 59.6 + 17.07 % , P = 0.044 ) . Overall, female doctors had a significantly higher attitude score than male doctors ( 62.9 + 13.36 compared with 58.3 + 12.52 % , P & A ; lt ; 0.001 ) . Kuwaiti doctors had a significantly higher mark than non-Kuwaiti for the relationship sphere ( 44.4 + 15.31 compared with 40.8 + 15.26 % , P = 0.007 ) , while no important differences were noticed between them with respect to other spheres. Job of the doctor significantly impacted merely on hitting attitude sphere where specializer doctors had a higher average per centum mark ( 82.5 + 16.96 % ) than registrar doctors ( 74.9 + 22.19 % , P = 0.015 ) . Marital position and degree of instruction did non hold any important impact on the different spheres of doctors ‘ attitude towards DV against adult females. A negative correlativity was found between continuance at work in old ages from one side and the overall attitude mark on the other side, ( R = -0.115 ) . Table I: Socio-demographic features of doctorsFictional characterNumber%AgeMin-Max 24.0 – 65 Mean + SD 39.95 + 9.07Sexual activityMale 265 46.9 Female 300 53.1NationalityKuwaiti 244 43.2 Arab 291 51.5 Non Arab 30 5.3Marital positionSingle 55 9.7 Married 493 87.3 Divorced / Widowed 17 3.0QualificationBachelor grade 179 31.7 Master/PhD/Board 386 68.3OccupationRegistrar 504 89.2 Specialist 61 10.8Old ages at workMin-Max 0.1 – 40 Mean + SD 13.04 + 8.42Income ( KD )& A ; lt ; 1000 101 17.9 1000 – 239 42.3 & A ; gt ; 1500 225 39.8 Table II: Percept of doctors about prevalence of domestic force in Kuwait, Arab states and worldwide Prevalence of Domestic force& A ; lt ; 1 %1-5 %6-10 %11-20 %21-30 %& A ; gt ; 30 %Kuwait ( n=484 ) 11 ( 2.3 ) 31 ( 6.4 ) 94 ( 19.4 ) 136 ( 28.1 ) 115 ( 23.8 ) 97 ( 20.0 ) Other Arab states ( n=480 ) 5 ( 1.0 ) 12 ( 2.5 ) 47 ( 9.8 ) 85 ( 17.7 ) 180 ( 37.5 ) 151 ( 31.5 ) Worldwide ( n=469 ) 4 ( 0.9 ) 36 ( 7.7 ) 53 ( 11.3 ) 100 ( 21.3 ) 114 ( 24.3 ) 162 ( 34.5 ) Datas are presented as figure ( % ) Table Three: Attitude of doctors towards domestic forceAttitude sphereStronglydisagreeDisagreeImpersonalAgreeStrongly holdRelationship between spouses ( A1 )A good married woman obeys her hubby even if she disagrees 32 ( 5.7 ) 92 ( 16.3 ) 134 ( 23.7 ) 201 ( 35.6 ) 106 ( 18.8 ) Family jobs should merely be discussed with people in the household 15 ( 2.7 ) 57 ( 10.1 ) 70 ( 12.4 ) 232 ( 41.1 ) 191 ( 33.8 ) It is of import for a adult male to demo his married woman who is the foreman 38 ( 6.7 ) 88 ( 15.6 ) 103 ( 18.2 ) 225 ( 39.8 ) 111 ( 19.6 ) A adult female should be able to take her ain friends even if her hubby disagrees 75 ( 13.3 ) 177 ( 31.3 ) 141 ( 25.0 ) 119 ( 21.1 ) 53 ( 9.4 ) It is a married woman ‘s duty to hold sex with her hubby even if she does non experience like it 102 ( 18.1 ) 154 ( 27.3 ) 147 ( 26.0 ) 114 ( 20.2 ) 48 ( 8.5 ) If a adult male mistreats his married woman, others outside of the household should step in 108 ( 19.1 ) 118 ( 20.9 ) 103 ( 18.2 ) 153 ( 27.1 ) 83 ( 14.7 ) ( Min – Max ) Mean + SD [ Median ] ( 0.0 – 87.5 ) 42.36 + 15.37 [ 41.7 ]A adult male have a good ground to hit his married woman if ( A2 ) :She does non finish her family work to his satisfaction 367 ( 65.0 ) 147 ( 26.0 ) 22 ( 3.9 ) 15 ( 2.7 ) 14 ( 2.5 ) She disobeys him 266 ( 47.1 ) 175 ( 31.0 ) 53 ( 9.4 ) 44 ( 7.8 ) 27 ( 4.8 ) She refuse to hold sexual relation with him 316 ( 55.9 ) 164 ( 29.0 ) 51 ( 9.0 ) 14 ( 2.5 ) 20 ( 3.5 ) She asks him whether he has other miss friends 331 ( 58.6 ) 159 ( 28.1 ) 45 ( 8.0 ) 16 ( 2.8 ) 14 ( 2.5 ) He suspects that she is unfaithful 274 ( 48.5 ) 170 ( 30.1 ) 72 ( 12.7 ) 29 ( 5.1 ) 20 ( 3.5 ) He finds out that she has been unfaithful 183 ( 32.4 ) 91 ( 16.1 ) 79 ( 14.0 ) 130 ( 23.0 ) 82 ( 14.5 ) She exposes hubby failings 237 ( 41.9 ) 137 ( 24.2 ) 86 ( 15.2 ) 61 ( 10.8 ) 44 ( 7.8 ) She lies to her hubby 210 ( 37.2 ) 154 ( 27.3 ) 87 ( 15.4 ) 66 ( 11.7 ) 48 ( 8.5 ) ( Min – Max ) Mean + SD [ Median ] ( 0.0 – 100.0 ) 75.73 + 21.80 [ 78.1 ]direction of domestic force ( A3 )Womans who experienced physical force must take professional aid 9 ( 1.6 ) 16 ( 2.8 ) 32 ( 5.7 ) 283 ( 50.1 ) 225 ( 39.8 ) Health professionals can non assist domestic force victims, as they will return to the same societal environment 75 ( 13.3 ) 161 ( 28.5 ) 92 ( 16.3 ) 152 ( 26.9 ) 85 ( 15.0 ) Domestic force is a private issue, and patients are ashamed to speak about it 36 ( 6.4 ) 80 ( 14.2 ) 60 ( 10.6 ) 281 ( 49.7 ) 108 ( 19.1 ) Covering with domestic force agencies interfering with privateness of the household 155 ( 27.4 ) 233 ( 41.2 ) 86 ( 15.2 ) 55 ( 9.7 ) 36 ( 6.4 ) ( Min – Max ) Mean + SD [ Median ] ( 6.3 – 100.0 ) 58.39 + 17.11 [ 56.3 ] ( A ) Entire Attitude Score ( Min – Max ) Mean + SD [ Median ] ( 18.1 – 91.7 ) 60.75 + 13.16 [ 61.1 ] Datas are presented as figure ( natural % ) Table Four: Relation between attitude sphere tonss ( average + SD ) and socio-demographic features of doctorsCharacteristicAttitude DomainEntire mark( A )Relationship( A1 )Hiting( A2 )Management ( A3 )Sexual activityMale 39.3 + 14.6 73.3 + 21.2 56.9 + 17.1 58.3 + 12.5 Female 45.1 + 15.5 77.9 + 22.2 59.6 + 17.1 62.9 + 13.4 Phosphorus & A ; lt ; 0.001* 0.001* 0.044* & A ; lt ; 0.001*NationalityKuwaiti 44.4 + 15.3 76.4 + 21.7 59.5 + 16.3 61.9 + 13.3 Non Kuwaiti 40.8 + 15.3 75.2 + 21. 9 57.5 + 17.7 59.8 + 13.0 Phosphorus 0.007* 0.540 0.0501 0.060Marital StatusSingle 42.3 + 15.5 75.5 + 22.7 59.2 + 18.3 60.8 + 13.62 Married 42.4 + 15.4 75.8 + 21.7 58.3 + 16.9 60.7 + 13.11 Phosphorus 0.899 0.991 0.659 0.871EducationBachelor 41.4 + 13.4 77.5 + 21.6 57.9 + 16.3 61.1 + 12.10 Higher 42.8 + 16.2 74.9 + 21.9 58.6 + 17.5 60.6 + 13.64 Phosphorus 0.378 0.169 0.769 0.712OccupationRegistrar 42.3 + 15.3 74.9 + 22.2 58.1 + 17.4 60.3 + 13.3 Specialist 43.1 + 16.1 82.5 + 17.0 60.6 + 14.3 64.5 + 11.6 Phosphorus 0.695 0.015* 0.172 0.034*Age ( R )-0.065 -0.019 -0.040 -0.053Old ages at work ( R )-0.054 -0.106* -0.043 -0.115* * Significant, P & A ; lt ; 0.05. R = Spearman correlativity coefficientDiscussionDV is a major societal and medical job. It occurs in all states irrespective of societal, economic, cultural or spiritual values. Battered adult females seek aid in the wellness attention installations due to both physical and psychological harm that they suffer due to the force they experience. ( 7,8 ) The medical practicians ‘ personal value system and beliefs about DV can play an of import function. A survey in an exigency section in Hong Kong reported that the physicians found it hard to optimally pull off victims of DV because of the belief in the importance of keeping household integrity and that DV is a private issue. ( 9 ) Fewer physicians were found to test for DV believing that intercession is less successful than for other behavioral hazards such as smoke. ( 10 ) It seems that a positive attitude towards DV can play a important function for both diagnosis and pull offing medical results of force. Thus the current research was formulated to uncover attitude of primary wellness attention physicians towards force against adult females and identify factors impacting spheres of attitude. To accomplish these aims ; 565 primary wellness attention doctors were interviewed utilizing a specially designed questionnaire. The consequences of this survey revealed that more than half the doctors were married ( 87.3 % ) , Non-Kuwait ( 56.8 % ) , females ( 53.1 % ) with an mean age of 39.95 + 9.07 old ages and spent 13.04 + 8.42 old ages, on the norm, at the current occupation. Doctors tended to describe lower prevalence of DV against adult females in Kuwait followed, while they stated high rates in the other Arab states with an intermediate figure for world-wide prevalence. Other surveies, besides revealed that consciousness of primary doctors about the prevalence of DV is hapless. ( 11-15 ) A multi-country survey carried out by WHO showed that 15 – 71 % of adult females experient physical and / or sexual force by an intimate spouse at some point in their lives. ( 16 ) Another survey carried out on American Indian adult females revealed a figure every bit high as 80 % . ( 8 ) The differences among these surveies might be attributed to the nature of the job itself as some adult females tend to hide the event and prefer non coverage. Besides, the disagreement in force definition every bit good as the adoptive attack for gauging force happening whether one-year or life clip happening might explicate the differences of domestic force prevalence among these surveies. The consequences of the current survey besides revealed that doctors tended to hold a comparatively low positive overall attitude mark towards force against adult females ( 60.75 + 13.16 % ) , with a average per centum mark of 42.36 + 15.37 % for relationship between spouses domain, 75.73 + 21.80 % for good grounds to hit married womans domain, and 58.39 + 17.11 % for direction of domestic force sphere. This low mark can be attributed to cultural and social values in eastern states, as doctors themselves are the merchandises of the current cultural tradition. ( 17 ) Besides, hapless cognition and deficient preparation can be behind this low positive attitude. ( 18-22 ) Absence of clear guidelines to cover with DV at the degree of the primary wellness attention centres and inaccessibility of specific intervention prescription can besides significantly lend to this low attitude. ( 23 ) Low attitude of primary wellness attention physicians towards DV can sabotage their abilities to name and decently manage battered adult females, particularly with respect to implementing suited intercession steps. Female doctors tended to hold a higher positive mark on all the studied attitude spheres. Female doctors were reported to province the most positive encouraging attitude towards DV against adult females when compared with male doctors. ( 24 ) Rose and Saunders suggested that female suppliers may hold more empathetic attitudes towards victims of interpersonal force. ( 25 ) Besides, there is an increasing research demoing that preventative attention services for females rendered by female professionals increases the acceptableness and efficiency of medical services. ( 26,27 ) Besides Kuwaiti doctors had a significantly higher positive attitude for relationship between spouses than the non-Kuwaiti doctors. Old ages spent at current work were significantly negatively correlated with striking of adult females sphere and the entire attitude mark, bespeaking that with addition in old ages at work there is an attach toing lessening in the specified attitude spheres. However, matrimonial posi tion and degree of instruction, and age did non demo any important relation with the attitude domains. Education did non turn out to alter the attitude toward domestic force. ( 28 ) Some surveies did non demo any important relationship between attitude toward interpersonal force from one side and business, old ages of employment, and matrimonial position on the other side. ( 24 ) Empathic and emotionally supportive behaviour of doctors will promote beat-up adult females to unwrap the force they suffered. This can ensue in supplying a high quality attention services and guarantee efficient use of the available resources to cover with force. Plans for preparation of doctors to beef up their cognition, attitude and pattern towards domestic force against adult females are needed in Kuwait to better the medical services administered to buffet adult females