chapter 6 test Essay Example

chapter 6 test Essay Example chapter 6 test Paper chapter 6 test Paper the water cycle is the unending circulation of earths water supply plants release water into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration balance in the water cycle means that the average annual precipitation over earth equals the amount of water that evaporates the ability of a stream to erode and transport material depends largely on its velocity the single most important erosional agent on earth is running water if you were to examine the profile of a typical stream, you would probably find that the gradient is steepest near the head a streams discharge increases between its source and mouth base level is the lowest point to which a stream can erode its channel what is the ultimate base level of a stream the ocean most streams carry the largest part of their load in suspension the suspended load of a stream usually consist of fine sand, silt, and clay sized particles a depositional feature that forms where a stream enters an ocean is a(n) delta in a stream channel, which of the following will be deposited first gravel sized particles the flat portion of a valley floor adjacent to a stream channel is called a floodplain the most prominent features of a narrow, v shaped valley, where the stream profile drops rapidly are rapids and waterfalls one traditional flood control method has been to attempt to keep the streams flow within its channel by creating artificial levees a drainage basin is the land area that contributes water to a stream groundwater is found underground in the zone of saturation permeable rock layers or sediments that transmit groundwater freely are called aquifers the percentage of the total volume of rock or sediment that consist of pore spaces is called porosity springs form where the water table intersects the ground surface which of the following is a measure of a materials ability to transmit fluids through interconnected pore spaces permeability when groundwater enters underground fractures or caverns in hot igneous rocks, where it is heated to boiling temperatures, what feature can form geyser which of the following statements is true about stalactites they hang from the ceiling of a cavern which of the following is associated with areas of karst topography sinkholes/ sinking streams/ caverns the release of water vapor into the atmosphere by plants is referred to as transpiration the _____ of a stream is the amount of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of time discharge the maximum depth to which a stream can erode is called base level an accumulation of sediment formed where a stream enters a lake or the ocean is called a(n) delta a(n) _____ is the flat, low-lying portion of a stream valley that is covered with water during floods flood plain artificial levees and dams are structures used to control flooding the land area that contributes water to a stream is referred to as the streams drainage basin the upper limit of the zone of saturation is called the water table an intermittent hot spring in which a column of water shoots up with great force at various intervals is a(n) geyser groundwater _____ can be caused by leaking septic systems, leaking landfills, and agricultural chemicals contamination what are the 5 major processes that are involved in the water cycle evaporation/ precipitation/ infiltration/ transpiration/ runoff the 3 ways streams transport sediments are dissolved load/ suspended load/ bed load in a stream that carries gravel, sand, silt, and clay sized sediment, explain how these sediments would be deposited the biggest thing drops firstgravel, sand, silt, clay what river has the largest drainage basin in north America Mississippi briefly describe the 2 ways that sinkholes can form slowly over a number of years as groundwater dissolves limestone, bed rock, below the soila cavern caves in

Definition of Deadrise Used in Shipbuilding

Definition of Deadrise Used in Shipbuilding How to Measure Deadrise Deadrise is measured two ways, by a linear measurement like inches or centimeters and by expressing it as an angle. Let’s look at the angular measurement first. Looking at the cross section of a hull, draw a vertical line through the center of the vessel to the bottom of the keel. The top of this vertical line should be even with the chine, which is where the hull meets the topsides. Now draw a horizontal line which intersects both sides of the chine and the top of the vertical line you drew before. You should now have a 90-degree angle formed by the vertical and horizontal lines. Draw one more line from the point where your horizontal line meets the chine to the bottom of your vertical line at the bottom center of the keel. The triangle you formed is made up of three angles. Deadrise expressed as an angle is the measurement in degrees of the bottom of the triangle. To Calculate in Linear Terms   To calculate deadrise in linear terms you will use the same triangle as above but now you will be using a ratio to express the deadrise. Much like the roof of a building, deadrise in linear terms is written as inches per foot. First, determine the number of inches from the 90-degree angle of the triangle along the horizontal leg to the chine. Next, determine the measurement in feet from the bottom of the keel to the 90-degree angle of the triangle. Take the results and write then as inches/foot. A Measurement at a Single Point on a Vessel’s Hull Deadrise is only a measurement at a single point on a vessel’s hull. Construction plans will note the deadrise at regular intervals along the length of the hull. Since deadrise is a measurement based on the position of the chine it is possible to have complex expressions of deadrise because of multi-chine and planning hulls. If you are asked to measure deadrise you should be given a point to make your measurement. For example; deadrise at 20 feet from the bow, or deadrise at rear bulkhead. Alternate Spellings Dead Rise Common Misspellings Dead Rise The Transition From Chine to Keel One way to make a quick assessment of the purpose and ride quality of a vessel is to view the stern from the rear so you can see the transition from chine to keel. If its a sharp V shape below the water means the ride will be smooth but the ship may wallow back and forth ferries and riverboats have this design so they can operate in both directions without turning around.   If the deadrise is shallow or flat at the stern the vessel will not have much roll or wallow but it will slap into the surface with each wave. A V shape allows a smooth transition while a shallower deadrise causes a sudden impact with each wave. The flat design has less drag and therefore is found on cargo ships and other low drag vessels. Cushion effect can be a problem for some heavily loaded cargo ships in shallow waters like canals. A rolled, or soft, chine means the vessel is meant to lean and roll smoothly. This is true of most sail-powered vessels where there is a counterweight in a deep keel. Take a look at all kinds of common hull shapes to understand more about their uses. The definition of draft will also be useful when learning about naval architecture.